[[_Anotacions]] tags:: #marc_teoric #Boundary_Objects #Boundary_Infraestructures #Invisible_Work #boundaries # Star_Griesemer1989 # Institutional Ecology, ‘Translations’ and Boundary Objects: Amateurs and Professionals in Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology ## Conceptes aplicats a la investigació ### Definició d'Objecte Frontera L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és explicar com dissenyar [[Espais Híbrids d'Aprenentatge]]. L'objectiu, però, dels estudiants que formen aquest projecte col·laboratiu heterogeni és la creació d'un videojoc. Aquest videojoc, des del punt de vista del marc teòric estudiat és un [[Boundary Objects]], un Objecte Frontera. A continuació [[Star_Griesemer1989]] en detalla les seves propietats: > Els objectes frontera són objectes que són prou plàstics per adaptar-se a les necessitats locals i a les limitacions de les diverses parts que els utilitzen, però prou robusts per mantenir una identitat comuna entre els llocs. Estan feblement estructurats en l'ús comú i s'estructuren fortament en l'ús individual del lloc. Aquests objectes poden ser abstractes o concrets. Tenen significats diferents en diferents mons socials, però la seva estructura és prou comuna a més d'un món per fer-los reconeixibles, un mitjà de traducció. La creació i gestió d'objectes de límit és un procés clau per desenvolupar i mantenir la coherència entre mons socials que s'entrecreuen. Mentre que l'escola tradicional exigeix un forta component disciplinaria per al desenvolupament de les seves classes, una de les característiques dels [[Espais Híbrids d'Aprenentatge]] es que hauria de requerir als seus estudiants, tal i com indica [[Star_Griesemer1989]] ser disciplinats, però no, excessivament disciplinats. > "Una altra manera de dir-ho és que els aliats inscrits pel científic han de ser disciplinats, però no poden ser excessivament disciplinats. Cada món està disposat, per un preu, a concedir autonomia al museu i a conformar-se amb els estàndards de recollida d'informació de Grinnell. Només gradualment un científic en la posició de Grinnell arriba a ser una autoritat. Part d'aquesta autoritat s'exerceix mitjançant l'estandardització de mètodes. > Els mètodes estandarditzats són diferents de la teoria estandarditzadora. En emfatitzar com, i no què o per què, l'estandardització dels mètodes fa que la informació sigui compatible i permet un "abast" més llarg a través de mons divergents." ### Repositoris Conjunt d'objectes classificats i ajustats de mode estandarditzat, com la biblioteca. ### Ideal-Tipus Abandona les especificacions locals o singulars. ### Límits coincidents o l'Embolcall Conjunt d'objectes que comparteixen la mateixa frontera amb diferències internes. ### Formularis estandarditzats Objecte que facilita la comunicació. ## Anotacions [[Star_Griesemer1989]] "of Because of the character scientific work and its heterogeneous cannot for the of this requirement cooperation, management diversity or a laissez-faire solution be achieved via a simple pluralism" ([Star and Griesemer 1989:393](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/8ADI5MYC?page=7)) "methods s tandardization a nd the development of boundary objects" ([Star and Griesemer 1989:393](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/8ADI5MYC?page=7)) "The second used to how museum workers important concept explain both and is that of managed boundary diversity cooperation objects" ([Star and Griesemer 1989:394](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/8ADI5MYC?page=8)) "15 B oundary are which are both objects objects to to local needs plastic enough adapt and the constraints of the several robust parties employing them, yet to maintain a common across sites. enough identity" ([Star and Griesemer 1989:394](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/8ADI5MYC?page=8)) "are They weakly structured in common and become use, strongly s tructured in individual- 16 site use. These be abstract or concrete. have difobjects may They ferent in different social worlds but their meanings structure is common to more than one world to make them enough a means recognizable, of translation. The creation and of is a management boundary objects in developing a nd key maintaining c oherence a process cross intersecting social worlds." ([Star and Griesemer 1989:394](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/8ADI5MYC?page=8)) "Another of this is that the allies enrolled the scientist way saying by must be but cannot be disciplined, overly-disciplined" ([Star and Griesemer 1989:408](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/8ADI5MYC?page=22)) "methods is different from Standardizing standardizing theory. By and not what or emphasizing h ow, methods standardization both why, makes information and allows for a 'reach' across compatible longer worlds. divergent" ([Star and Griesemer 1989:408](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/8ADI5MYC?page=22)) "The methods thus a useful provided 'lingua franca' between amateurs and professionals" ([Star and Griesemer 1989:408](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/8ADI5MYC?page=22)) "It California gives itself the status of a an which lives in boundary object, object multiple social worlds and which has different identities in each." ([Star and Griesemer 1989:410](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/8ADI5MYC?page=24)) "1. . These are ordered of which are indexed Repositories 'piles' objects in a standardized fashion. are built to deal with Repositories problems of caused differences in unit of An heterogeneity by analysis. example of a repositoryi s a library o r museum. It has the advantage o f modularity. ferent worlds can use or borrow from the for their People 'pile' own without to differences in purposes having directly negotiate purpose" ([Star and Griesemer 1989:411](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/8ADI5MYC?page=25)) "2. Ideal This is an such as a atlas or other type. object diagram, which in fact does not describe the details of description accurately any one or It is abstracted from all and be domains, locality thing. may fairly it is to a local site because it is However, vague. adaptable precisely it serves as a means of and fairly vague; communicating cooperating - a road for all An symbolically 'good enough' map parties. example an ideal is the This is a which in fact described type species. concept no which incorporated b oth concrete and theoretical data and specimen, across both worlds. Ideal communicating arise with differences in of abstraction. result in the types degree They deletion of local from the common and have the contingencies object of advantage adaptability" ([Star and Griesemer 1989:411](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/8ADI5MYC?page=25)) "which vantage adaptability. nt boundaries. These are common have the objects same boundaries but different internal contents. arise in the They presence of different means of data and when work is distributed aggregating" ([Star and Griesemer 1989:411](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/8ADI5MYC?page=25)) "over a area. The result is that work in different large-scale geographic sites and with different perspectives c an be conducted autonomously w hile share a common referent. The is the cooperating parties advantage resolution of different An of coincident boundaries is goals. example the creation of the state of California itself as a for boundary object workers at the museum. The of California created the amateur maps by collectors and the conservationists resembled traditional roadmaps familiar to us and trails and to collect. all, emphasized campsites, places The created the shared the maps by professional biologists, however, same outline of the state the same but (with geo-political boundaries), were filled in with a series of shaded abstract, highly ecologically-based areas 'life an representing zones', ecological concept." ([Star and Griesemer 1989:412](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/8ADI5MYC?page=26)) "4. Standardized fo These are bjects d evised as rms. methods boundary o of common communication across work Because the dispersed groups. natural work took at distributed sites a number history place highly by of different standardized methods were as discussed people, essential, above. In the case of the amateur were with collectors, they provided a form to fill out when obtained an standardized in the they animal, information it collected. The results of this of are type boundary object standardized indexes and what Latour would call 'immutable mobiles' which can be over a distance and convey (objects transported long The of such are that local unchanging information). advantages objects uncertainties in the collecting o f animal s are deleted. for instance, pecies)" ([Star and Griesemer 1989:412](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/8ADI5MYC?page=26)) "As the museum and becomes matures, more the efficient, scientists have made in the interfaces headway between different standardizing worlds. In the case of museum this comes work, from the standardization of and methods. collecting preparation about By reaching agreements different methods, worlds establish which participating protocols go mere across beyond world b oundaries trading unjoined" ([Star and Griesemer 1989:414](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/8ADI5MYC?page=28)) "But the are not the of one world's vision protocols simply imposition on the if are sure to fail. rest; are, they they Rather, boundary objects act as anchors or however bridges, temporary." ([Star and Griesemer 1989:415](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/8ADI5MYC?page=29)) "The central raised this is: how do heteroanalytical question by study and and with what for geneity coexist, cooperation consequences managing information? The museum is in a sense a model of information processing. In the used its are several answers strategies by participants sophisticated to of and coordination. Our future problems complexity, preservation work will examine these answers in different the domains, including of and the of history evolutionary theory design complex computer systems." ([Star and Griesemer 1989:415](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/8ADI5MYC?page=29)) ## Conceptes Marc Teòric ### [[023. Aprenentatge Col·laboratiu]] ### [[Objectes i Infraestructures Frontera]] ### [[Boundary Objects]] ### [[Boundary Infraestructures]] ### [[Invisible Work]] ## Conceptes Propis ### [[043. Aprenentatge Col·laboratiu]] ### [[Aprenentatge Col·laboratiu Alumnes-Professors]] #### [[Aprenentatge Col·laboratiu entre Alumnes]] ### [[Gamificació com a Infraestructura Frontera]] #### [[Presentació Aprenentatge Col·laboratiu]] #### [[Videojoc, Web o APP com a Objectes Fronteres]]